بررسی سروده «عیدٌ بأیة حال عُدتَ یا عیدُ» مُتنبی براساس نظریه ارتباطی یاكوبسن

Roman Jakobson’s communication theory is considered one of the most prominent models for understanding language use in the communicative process, as it highlights the multiplicity of linguistic functions served by language to achieve various goals—such as the expressive, referential, conative, phatic, poetic, and metalinguistic functions, each of which plays a distinct role in shaping meaning and organizing interaction between sender and receiver. This theory grants language a holistic, functional, and aesthetic dimension, transcending mere informational exchange to add depth to literary texts. This study analyzes the poem “Eid, In What State Have You Returned?” using the descriptive-analytical method in light of Jakobson’s theory, aiming to understand how the poet employs the linguistic functions within the poetic text. The research explores the impact of these functions on enhancing the meaning, as well as their psychological and artistic effects, and clarifies how the poet interacts with the reader through precise linguistic techniques. The results show that the poet utilized most of Jakobson’s functions except the metalinguistic one, which was absent from the text, while the poetic function stood out clearly through the beauty of expression and its profound effect on the reader. The expressive function also allowed the poet to convey his emotions and thoughts with sincerity and clarity. These findings affirm the effectiveness of Jakobson’s theory in literary analysis and highlight the importance of linguistic functions in constructing the aesthetic and suggestive structure of poetic texts, thereby deepening our understanding of the role of language in literature and human communication.